The Czech Republic holds a parliamentary election on October 3 and 4, with the opposition ANO party of former Prime Minister Andrej Babis leading opinion polls ahead of the main centre-right ruling parties.

An ANO-led government would probably clash with the European Union on climate policies and migration, tone down support for Ukraine, and ally more often with Hungary’s government led by Viktor Orban.

The cost of living, energy prices and the country’s anchoring in the EU and military alliance NATO are the main campaign issues.

WHAT DO CZECHS VOTE ON?

Czechs elect 200 deputies for a four-year term in the lower house of parliament, under a proportional voting system. Parties must obtain at least 5% of votes to win seats.

WHEN DOES VOTING TAKE PLACE?

Polls are open 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. on October 3 and 8 a.m. to 2. p.m. on October 4. Nearly complete results are expected later in the afternoon of October 4.

WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?

No party is expected to win a majority. The largest party will likely lead talks to form a coalition or secure support for a minority cabinet. The president then appoints the prime minister, usually from the party with a viable government plan, and ministers.

President Petr Pavel said he would consider ministerial nominees’ positions on EU and NATO membership, potentially rejecting hardliners.

He would also potentially question Babis on resolving his conflict of interest resulting from his ownership of farming and chemicals business empire Agrofert. The new government must seek a confidence vote in the lower house.

WHO ARE THE KEY PARTIES AND WHAT ARE THEIR PLEDGES?

SPOLU (Together) coalition – government: Centre-right coalition led by Prime Minister Petr Fiala’s Civic Democrats (ODS). It pledges to raise defence spending toward NATO’s new targets and continue support for Ukraine. In the European Parliament, ODS is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists, while other members of SPOLU are in the European People’s Party (EPP).

Action of Dissatisfied Citizens (ANO) – opposition. The populist party led by Babis campaigned on pledges to lower energy prices, raise salaries and cut corporate taxes. It rejects the EU’s emissions allowances system for households as well as the EU’s pact to share burdens of migration. It has pledged to end organizing ammunition supplies for Ukraine, and has rejected NATO’s new defence spending target.

Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) – opposition. Far-right, anti-immigration party. It opposes the Green Deal, the Migration Pact, military spending increases or support for Ukraine. It demands referenda on leaving the EU and NATO.

The Mayors and Independents (STAN) – government. Centrist movement, part of the current government. Pro-EU integration, favours euro adoption. It backs support for Ukraine and strengthening of NATO’s defences.

Stacilo! (Enough!) – opposition. Stacilo! is led by the Communist Party, which is heir to the former totalitarian ruling party, and several other formations. They wantsa departure from NATO and EU and it sees the West as responsible for the war in Ukraine by provoking Russia.

Czech Pirate Party (Pirates) – opposition. A progressive party with an emphasis on digitalization and individual freedom. Pirates are strongly pro-NATO and pro-EU and support adoption of the euro.

Motoriste sobe (Motorists for Themselves) – opposition. A right-wing, eurosceptic party opposed to green policies and progressivism. Closest potential partner for ANO.

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